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Extracellular vesicles concentration is a promising and important parameter for industrial bioprocess monitoring
Author(s) -
Zavec Apolonija Bedina,
KraljIglič Veronika,
Brinc Matjaž,
Trček Tanja Ficko,
Kuzman Drago,
Schweiger Ana,
Anderluh Gregor
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
biotechnology journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.144
H-Index - 84
eISSN - 1860-7314
pISSN - 1860-6768
DOI - 10.1002/biot.201500049
Subject(s) - bioprocess , bioreactor , biochemical engineering , bioprocess engineering , chemistry , flow cytometry , intracellular , vesicle , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , biochemistry , membrane , engineering , paleontology , genetics , organic chemistry
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles that are produced by cells to be released into their microenvironment. In this study, we present the EV concentration as a new factor for optimization of industrial bioprocess control. The release of EVs depends on many cell properties, including cell activation and stress status, and cell death. Therefore, the EV concentration might provide a readout for identification of the cell state and the conditions during a bioprocess. Our data show that the EV concentration increased during the bioprocess, which indicated deteriorating conditions in the bioreactor. This increase in EV concentration in the fermentation broth was the consequence of two different processes: cell activation, and cell death. However, the release of EVs from activated living cells had a much weaker impact on EV concentration in the bioreactor than those released during cell death. EVs and cells in the bioprocess environment were quantified by flow cytometry. The most accurate data were obtained directly from unprocessed samples, making the monitoring of the EV concentration a rapid, easy, and cheap method. These EV concentrations reflect the conditions in the bioreactor and provide new information regarding the state of the bioprocess. Therefore, we suggest EV concentration as a new and important parameter for the monitoring of industrial bioprocesses.