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arNOX activity of saliva as a non‐invasive measure of coenzyme Q 10 response in human trials
Author(s) -
Morré D. James,
Morré Dorothy M.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
biofactors
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.204
H-Index - 94
eISSN - 1872-8081
pISSN - 0951-6433
DOI - 10.1002/biof.5520320127
Subject(s) - saliva , coenzyme q – cytochrome c reductase , superoxide dismutase , coenzyme a , cofactor , medicine , superoxide , endocrinology , oxidative stress , chemistry , biochemistry , biology , enzyme , mitochondrion , reductase , cytochrome c
arNOX is a coenzyme Q 10 ‐inhibited, aging‐related ECTO‐NOX protein of the cell surface also present in sera. It is capable of Superoxide generation measured as Superoxide dismutase‐inhibited reduction of ferricytochrome c and is a potential contributor to atherogenic risk. Here, we report an arNOX activity of saliva of older individuals also inhibited by coenzyme Q 10 . The activity first appears after age 30 to a near maximum at about age 55. Those surviving beyond age 55 usually have reduced arNOX activities. Our studies demonstrate significant (25 to 30%) reduction of arNOX levels with coenzyme Q 10 supplementation of 60 mg (2 × 30 mg) per day for 28 days. Activity correlated with age. Response to coenzyme Q 10 increased with age being greatest between ages 60 and 65. Saliva arNOX levels varied in a regular pattern throughout the day so it was important that samples be collected at approximately the same time each day for comparative purposes. The coenzyme Q 10 response was reversible and within 12 h after the last intake of coenzyme Q 10 , the salivary arNOX levels returned to base line. The findings suggest that salivary arNOX provides a convenient and non‐invasive method to monitor arNOX levels in clinical coenzyme Q 10 intervention trials with the response levels paralleling those seen with serum and cellular arNOX.