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Stem cell‐based therapies for cardiac diseases: The critical role of angiogenic exosomes
Author(s) -
Ghodrat Sara,
Hoseini Seyed Javad,
Asadpour Shiva,
Nazarnezhad Simin,
Alizadeh Eghtedar Fariba,
Kargozar Saeid
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
biofactors
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.204
H-Index - 94
eISSN - 1872-8081
pISSN - 0951-6433
DOI - 10.1002/biof.1717
Subject(s) - angiogenesis , stem cell , microvesicles , microbiology and biotechnology , paracrine signalling , embryonic stem cell , induced pluripotent stem cell , progenitor cell , regeneration (biology) , endothelial stem cell , biology , stem cell therapy , cancer research , microrna , genetics , receptor , in vitro , gene
Finding effective treatments for cardiac diseases is among the hottest subjects in medicine; cell‐based therapies have brought great promises for managing a broad range of life‐threatening heart complications such as myocardial infarction. After clarifying the critical role of angiogenesis in tissue repair and regeneration, various stem/progenitor cell were utilized to accelerate the healing of injured cardiac tissue. Embryonic, fetal, adult, and induced pluripotent stem cells have shown the appropriate proangiogenic potential for tissue repair strategies. The capability of stem cells for differentiating into endothelial lineages was initially introduced as the primary mechanism involved in improving angiogenesis and accelerated heart tissue repair. However, recent studies have demonstrated the leading role of paracrine factors secreted by stem cells in advancing neo‐vessel formation. Genetically modified stem cells are also being applied for promoting angiogenesis regarding their ability to considerably overexpress and secrete angiogenic bioactive molecules. Yet, conducting further research seems necessary to precisely identify molecular mechanisms behind the proangiogenic potential of stem cells, including the signaling pathways and regulatory molecules such as microRNAs. In conclusion, stem cells' pivotal roles in promoting angiogenesis and consequent improved cardiac healing and remodeling processes should not be ignored, especially in the case of stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles.