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Enhancing the chemiluminescence intensity of a KMnO 4 formaldehyde system for estimating the total phenolic content in honey samples using a novel nanodroplet mixing approach in a microfluidics platform
Author(s) -
Al Lawati Haider A. J.,
Al Mughairy Baqia,
Al Lawati Iman,
Suliman FakhrEldin O.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
luminescence
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.428
H-Index - 45
eISSN - 1522-7243
pISSN - 1522-7235
DOI - 10.1002/bio.3483
Subject(s) - chemiluminescence , chemistry , potassium permanganate , detection limit , caffeic acid , analytical chemistry (journal) , formaldehyde , gallic acid , microfluidics , calibration curve , mixing (physics) , volumetric flow rate , kaempferol , chromatography , quercetin , materials science , nanotechnology , organic chemistry , antioxidant , physics , quantum mechanics
A novel mixing approach was utilized with a highly sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) method to determine the total phenolic content (TPC) in honey samples using an acidic potassium permanganate–formaldehyde system. The mixing approach was based on exploiting the mixing efficiency of nanodroplets generated in a microfluidic platform. Careful optimization of the instrument setup and various experimental conditions were employed to obtain excellent sensitivity. The mixing efficiency of the droplets was compared with the CL signal intensity obtained using the common serpentine chip design, with both approaches using at a total flow rate of 15 μl min −1 ; the results showed that the nanodroplets provided 600% higher CL signal intensity at this low flow rate. Using the optimum conditions, calibration equations, limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) for gallic acid (GA), caffeic acid (CA), kaempferol (KAM), quercetin (QRC) and catechin (CAT) were obtained. The LOD ranged from 6.2 ppb for CA to 11.0 ppb for QRC. Finally, the method was applied for the determination of TPC in several local and commercial honey samples.