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What's new: To boldly glow…. Applications of laser scanning confocal microscopy in developmental biology
Author(s) -
Paddock Stephen W.
Publication year - 1994
Publication title -
bioessays
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.175
H-Index - 184
eISSN - 1521-1878
pISSN - 0265-9247
DOI - 10.1002/bies.950160511
Subject(s) - microscope , confocal , fluorescence , confocal microscopy , microscopy , dapi , scanning electron microscope , fluorescence microscope , biophysics , materials science , chemistry , biology , biochemistry , optics , microbiology and biotechnology , physics , apoptosis , composite material
Abstract The laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) LSCM: laser scanning confocal microscope; FISH: fluorescence in situ hybridisation; DiO 6 : 3,3′‐dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide; NBD‐ceramide: 6‐((N‐(7‐nitrobenz‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazol‐4‐yl)amino)‐caproyl)sphingosine; DiO: 3,3′‐dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate; DiI: 1,1′‐dioctadecyl‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethyl‐indocarbocyanine perchlorate; CCD: charge‐coupled device; DIC: differential interference contrast; FURA2: (‐(2‐(5‐carboxyoxazol‐2‐yl)‐6‐aminobenzofuran‐5‐oxy)‐2‐)2′‐amino‐5′‐methylphenoxy)‐ethane‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid, sodium salt);BCECF: 2′,7′‐bis‐(carboxyethyl)‐5‐(and‐6‐)‐carboxyfluorescein;fluo‐3: 1‐(2‐amino‐5‐(2,7‐dichloro‐6‐hydroxy‐3‐oxo‐3H‐xanthen‐9‐yl)‐2‐(2′amino‐5′‐methylphenoxy)‐ethane‐N,N,N′,N′,‐tetraacetic acid, ammonium salt; DAPI: 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole, dihydrochloride; PET: positron emission tomogrophy; CT: computer‐assisted tomogrophy; CiD: cubitus interruptus dominus ; MRC: Medical Research Council; TOTO‐1: benzothiazolium‐4‐quinolinium dimer; YOYO‐1: benzoxazolium‐4‐quinolinium dimer; ex.: excitation wavelength; em.: emission wavelength. is now established as an invaluable tool in developmental biology for improved light microscope imaging of fluorescently labelled eggs, embryos and developing tissues. The universal application of the LSCM in biomedical research has stimulated improvements to the microscopes themselves and the synthesis of novel probes for imaging biological structures and physiological processes. Moreover the ability of the LSCM to produce an optical series in perfect register has made computer 3‐D reconstruction and analysis of light microscope images a practical option.