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Promoters are key organizers of the duplication of vertebrate genomes
Author(s) -
Brossas Caroline,
Duriez Bénédicte,
Valton AnneLaure,
Prioleau MarieNoëlle
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
bioessays
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.175
H-Index - 184
eISSN - 1521-1878
pISSN - 0265-9247
DOI - 10.1002/bies.202100141
Subject(s) - biology , histone , origin of replication , origin recognition complex , nucleosome , licensing factor , dna replication , genetics , promoter , computational biology , genome , dna replication factor cdt1 , control of chromosome duplication , replication timing , eukaryotic dna replication , pre replication complex , dna , gene , gene expression
In vertebrates, single cell analyses of replication timing patterns brought to light a very well controlled program suggesting a tight regulation on initiation sites. Mapping of replication origins with different methods has revealed discrete preferential sites, enriched in promoters and potential G‐quadruplex motifs, which can aggregate into initiation zones spanning several tens of kilobases (kb). Another characteristic of replication origins is a nucleosome‐free region (NFR). A modified yeast strain containing a humanized origin recognition complex (ORC) fires new origins at NFRs revealing their regulatory role. In cooperation with NFRs, the histone variant H2A.Z facilitates ORC loading through di‐methylation of lysine 20 of histone H4. Recent studies using genome editing methods show that efficient initiation sites associated with transcriptional activity can synergize over several tens of kb by establishing physical contacts and lead to the formation of early domains of DNA replication demonstrating a co‐regulation between replication initiation and transcription.