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Post‐translational modifications influence transcription factor activity: A view from the ETS superfamily
Author(s) -
Tootle Tina L.,
Rebay Ilaria
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
bioessays
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.175
H-Index - 184
eISSN - 1521-1878
pISSN - 0265-9247
DOI - 10.1002/bies.20198
Subject(s) - transcription factor , effector , biology , transcription (linguistics) , phosphorylation , computational biology , posttranslational modification , transcriptional regulation , post translational regulation , microbiology and biotechnology , genetics , gene , biochemistry , linguistics , philosophy , enzyme
Transcription factors provide nodes of information integration by serving as nuclear effectors of multiple signaling cascades, and thus elaborate layers of regulation, often involving post‐translational modifications, modulating and coordinate activities. Such modifications can rapidly and reversibly regulate virtually all transcription factor functions, including subcellular localization, stability, interactions with cofactors, other post‐translational modifications and transcriptional activities. Aside from analyses of the effects of serine/threonine phosphorylation, studies on post‐translational modifications of transcription factors are only in the initial stages. In particular, the regulatory possibilities afforded by combinatorial usage of and competition between distinct modifications on an individual protein are immense, and with respect to large families of closely related transcription factors, offer the potential of conferring critical specificity. Here we will review the post‐translational modifications known to regulate ETS transcriptional effectors and will discuss specific examples of how such modifications influence their activities to highlight emerging paradigms in transcriptional regulation. BioEssays 27:285–298, 2005. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.