Premium
Dietary Micronutrients Promote Neuronal Differentiation by Modulating the Mitochondrial‐Nuclear Dialogue
Author(s) -
Xie Kui,
Sheppard Allan
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
bioessays
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.175
H-Index - 184
eISSN - 1521-1878
pISSN - 0265-9247
DOI - 10.1002/bies.201800051
Subject(s) - neurogenesis , biology , epigenetics , microbiology and biotechnology , neurite , cellular differentiation , reprogramming , micronutrient , mitochondrion , neuroscience , glycolysis , neural development , oxidative phosphorylation , metabolism , biochemistry , gene , chemistry , organic chemistry , in vitro
The metabolic requirements of differentiated neurons are significantly different from that of neuronal precursor and neural stem cells. While a re‐programming of metabolism is tightly coupled to the neuronal differentiation process, whether shifts in mitochondrial mass, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation are required (or merely consequential) in differentiation is not yet certain. In addition to providing more energy, enhanced metabolism facilitates differentiation by supporting increased neurotransmitter signaling and underpinning epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Both epidemiological and animal studies demonstrate that micronutrients (MNs) significantly influence many aspects of neonatal brain development, particularly neural migration and survival, neurite outgrowth, and process maturation. Here we review recent insights into the importance of metabolic reprogramming in neuronal differentiation, before considering evidence that micronutrient signaling may be key to regulating these processes.