Premium
Quantitation and mapping of the epigenetic marker 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine
Author(s) -
Qing Ying,
Tian Zhiqi,
Bi Ying,
Wang Yongyao,
Long Jiangang,
Song ChunXiao,
Diao Jiajie
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
bioessays
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.175
H-Index - 184
eISSN - 1521-1878
pISSN - 0265-9247
DOI - 10.1002/bies.201700010
Subject(s) - 5 hydroxymethylcytosine , epigenetics , computational biology , biology , genome , dna methylation , biomarker , gene , genetics , gene expression
We here review primary methods used in quantifying and mapping 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), including global quantification, restriction enzyme‐based detection, and methods involving DNA‐enrichment strategies and the genome‐wide sequencing of 5hmC. As discovered in the mammalian genome in 2009, 5hmC, oxidized from 5‐methylcytosine (5mC) by ten‐eleven translocation (TET) dioxygenases, is increasingly being recognized as a biomarker in biological processes from development to pathogenesis, as its various detection methods have shown. We focus in particular on an ultrasensitive single‐molecule imaging technique that can detect and quantify 5hmC from trace samples and thus offer information regarding the distance‐based relationship between 5hmC and 5mC when used in combination with fluorescence resonance energy transfer.