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Adipose tissue NAD + biology in obesity and insulin resistance: From mechanism to therapy
Author(s) -
Yamaguchi Shintaro,
Yoshino Jun
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
bioessays
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.175
H-Index - 184
eISSN - 1521-1878
pISSN - 0265-9247
DOI - 10.1002/bies.201600227
Subject(s) - nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase , nad+ kinase , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide , insulin resistance , adipose tissue , mediator , biology , biochemistry , nicotinamide , endocrinology , medicine , enzyme , insulin
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) biosynthetic pathway, mediated by nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), a key NAD + biosynthetic enzyme, plays a pivotal role in controlling many biological processes, such as metabolism, circadian rhythm, inflammation, and aging. Over the past decade, NAMPT‐mediated NAD + biosynthesis, together with its key downstream mediator, namely the NAD + ‐dependent protein deacetylase SIRT1, has been demonstrated to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in a tissue‐dependent manner. These discoveries have provided novel mechanistic and therapeutic insights into obesity and its metabolic complications, such as insulin resistance, an important risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This review will focus on the importance of adipose tissue NAMPT‐mediated NAD + biosynthesis and SIRT1 in the pathophysiology of obesity and insulin resistance. We will also critically explore translational and clinical aspects of adipose tissue NAD + biology.