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Glycosylation and stem cells: Regulatory roles and application of iPSCs in the study of glycosylation‐related disorders
Author(s) -
Berger Ryan P.,
Dookwah Michelle,
Steet Richard,
Dalton Stephen
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
bioessays
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.175
H-Index - 184
eISSN - 1521-1878
pISSN - 0265-9247
DOI - 10.1002/bies.201600138
Subject(s) - glycosylation , induced pluripotent stem cell , glycan , microbiology and biotechnology , stem cell , biology , cell , computational biology , biochemistry , embryonic stem cell , glycoprotein , gene
Glycosylation refers to the co‐ and post‐translational modification of protein and lipids by monosaccharides or oligosaccharide chains. The surface of mammalian cells is decorated by a heterogeneous and highly complex array of protein and lipid linked glycan structures that vary significantly between different cell types, raising questions about their roles in development and disease pathogenesis. This review will begin by focusing on recent findings that define roles for cell surface protein and lipid glycosylation in pluripotent stem cells and their functional impact during normal development. Then, we will describe how patient derived induced pluripotent stem cells are being used to model human diseases such as congenital disorders of glycosylation. Collectively, these studies indicate that cell surface glycans perform critical roles in human development and disease.