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Carbohydrate metabolism during vertebrate appendage regeneration: What is its role? How is it regulated?
Author(s) -
Love Nick R.,
Ziegler Mathias,
Chen Yaoyao,
Amaya Enrique
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
bioessays
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.175
H-Index - 184
eISSN - 1521-1878
pISSN - 0265-9247
DOI - 10.1002/bies.201300110
Subject(s) - xenopus , regeneration (biology) , biology , pentose phosphate pathway , microbiology and biotechnology , zebrafish , anabolism , glycolysis , tor signaling , gene , biochemistry , signal transduction , metabolism
We recently examined gene expression during Xenopus tadpole tail appendage regeneration and found that carbohydrate regulatory genes were dramatically altered during the regeneration process. In this essay, we speculate that these changes in gene expression play an essential role during regeneration by stimulating the anabolic pathways required for the reconstruction of a new appendage. We hypothesize that during regeneration, cells use leptin , slc2a3 , proinsulin , g6pd , hif1 α expression, receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to promote glucose entry into glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), thus stimulating macromolecular biosynthesis. We suggest that this metabolic shift is integral to the appendage regeneration program and that the Xenopus model is a powerful experimental system to further explore this phenomenon. Also watch the Video Abstract .