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Implantable and ingestible medical devices with wireless telemetry functionalities: A review of current status and challenges
Author(s) -
Kiourti Asimina,
Psathas Konstantinos A.,
Nikita Konstantina S.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
bioelectromagnetics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.435
H-Index - 81
eISSN - 1521-186X
pISSN - 0197-8462
DOI - 10.1002/bem.21813
Subject(s) - telemetry , biotelemetry , wireless , bioelectromagnetics , computer science , field (mathematics) , systems engineering , telecommunications , electrical engineering , engineering , electromagnetic field , physics , mathematics , quantum mechanics , pure mathematics
Wireless medical telemetry permits the measurement of physiological signals at a distance through wireless technologies. One of the latest applications is in the field of implantable and ingestible medical devices (IIMDs) with integrated antennas for wireless radiofrequency (RF) communication (telemetry) with exterior monitoring/control equipment. Implantable medical devices (MDs) perform an expanding variety of diagnostic and therapeutic functions, while ingestible MDs receive significant attention in gastrointestinal endoscopy. Design of such wireless IIMD telemetry systems is highly intriguing and deals with issues related to: operation frequency selection, electronics and powering, antenna design and performance, and modeling of the wireless channel. In this paper, we attempt to comparatively review the current status and challenges of IIMDs with wireless telemetry functionalities. Full solutions of commercial IIMDs are also recorded. The objective is to provide a comprehensive reference for scientists and developers in the field, while indicating directions for future research. Bioelectromagnetics. 35:1–15, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.