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Pulsed and continuous wave mobile phone exposure over left versus right hemisphere: Effects on human cognitive function
Author(s) -
Haarala Christian,
Takio Fiia,
Rintee Taija,
Laine Matti,
Koivisto Mika,
Revonsuo Antti,
Hämäläinen Heikki
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
bioelectromagnetics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.435
H-Index - 81
eISSN - 1521-186X
pISSN - 0197-8462
DOI - 10.1002/bem.20287
Subject(s) - audiology , bioelectromagnetics , cognition , mobile phone , amplifier , psychology , medicine , electromagnetic field , telecommunications , computer science , physics , neuroscience , bandwidth (computing) , quantum mechanics
The possible effects of continuous wave (CW) and pulse modulated (PM) electromagnetic field (EMF) on human cognition was studied in 36 healthy male subjects. They performed cognitive tasks while exposed to CW, PM, and sham EMF. The subjects performed the same tasks twice during each session; once with left‐sided and once with right‐sided exposure. The EMF conditions were spread across three testing sessions, each session separated by 1 week. The exposed hemisphere, EMF condition, and test order were counterbalanced over all subjects. We employed a double‐blind design: both the subject and the experimenter were unaware of the EMF condition. The EMF was created with a signal generator connected via amplifier to a dummy phone antenna, creating a power output distribution similar to the original commercial mobile phone. The EMF had either a continuous power output of 0.25 W (CW) or pulsed power output with a mean of 0.25 W. An additional control group of 16 healthy male volunteers performed the same tasks without any exposure equipment to see if mere presence of the equipment could have affected the subjects' performance. No effects were found between the different EMF conditions, separate hemisphere exposures, or between the control and experimental group. In conclusion, the current results indicate that normal mobile phones have no discernible effect on human cognitive function as measured by behavioral tests. Bioelectromagnetics 28:289–295, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.