Premium
Four‐point electrode measurement of impedance in the vicinity of bovine aorta for quasi‐static frequencies
Author(s) -
Stiles David K.,
Oakley Barbara A.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
bioelectromagnetics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.435
H-Index - 81
eISSN - 1521-186X
pISSN - 0197-8462
DOI - 10.1002/bem.20074
Subject(s) - electrode , electrical impedance , materials science , bioelectromagnetics , biomedical engineering , focused impedance measurement , acoustics , chemistry , electrical engineering , physics , medicine , quantum mechanics , magnetic field , engineering
Results are presented here of experimental measurements using a four‐point electrode technique to measure the complex impedance of bovine aorta submerged in Ringer's solution. Impedance measurements were taken at 250 μm intervals, ranging from 0 (the electrode directly on the surface of the tissue) to 10 mm. Frequencies ranged from 1 kHz to 10 MHz. Throughout this range, the measured impedance changed by an average of 400% when the electrode was 10 mm from the tissue as compared to when the electrode was in direct contact with the tissue. The change in impedance made it possible to determine when the electrode made contact with the arterial wall. Bioelectromagnetics 26:54–58, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.