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Cellular and developmental basis of orofacial clefts
Author(s) -
Ji Yu,
Garland Michael A.,
Sun Bo,
Zhang Shuwen,
Reynolds Kurt,
McMahon Moira,
Rajakumar Ratheya,
Islam Mohammad S.,
Liu Yue,
Chen YiPing,
Zhou Chengji J.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
birth defects research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.845
H-Index - 17
ISSN - 2472-1727
DOI - 10.1002/bdr2.1768
Subject(s) - neural crest , ectoderm , biology , cranial neural crest , microbiology and biotechnology , morphogenesis , mesoderm , extracellular matrix , craniofacial , secondary palate , cellular differentiation , anatomy , embryogenesis , genetics , embryonic stem cell , embryo , gene
Abstract During craniofacial development, defective growth and fusion of the upper lip and/or palate can cause orofacial clefts (OFCs), which are among the most common structural birth defects in humans. The developmental basis of OFCs includes morphogenesis of the upper lip, primary palate, secondary palate, and other orofacial structures, each consisting of diverse cell types originating from all three germ layers: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Cranial neural crest cells and orofacial epithelial cells are two major cell types that interact with various cell lineages and play key roles in orofacial development. The cellular basis of OFCs involves defective execution in any one or several of the following processes: neural crest induction, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, migration, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, primary cilia formation and its signaling transduction, epithelial seam formation and disappearance, periderm formation and peeling, convergence and extrusion of palatal epithelial seam cells, cell adhesion, cytoskeleton dynamics, and extracellular matrix function. The latest cellular and developmental findings may provide a basis for better understanding of the underlying genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and molecular mechanisms of OFCs.