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Maternal exposures and risk of oral clefts in South Vietnam
Author(s) -
Dien Vu H. A.,
McKinney Christy M.,
Pisek Araya,
Pitiphat Waranuch
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
birth defects research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.845
H-Index - 17
ISSN - 2472-1727
DOI - 10.1002/bdr2.1192
Subject(s) - medicine , odds ratio , confidence interval , case control study , pregnancy , logistic regression , folic acid , univariate analysis , obstetrics , pediatrics , dentistry , multivariate analysis , genetics , biology
Background Oral clefts are among the most common congenital anomalies. Most studies on risk factors of oral clefts have been carried out in developed countries. We investigated the associations between maternal exposures in the first trimester and oral clefts in South Vietnam. Methods We conducted a hospital‐based case‐control study during October 2014‐November 2015. Cases included 170 patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate and those with cleft palate only. Controls were 170 children without oral clefts, matched to each case by age and gender. Mothers were interviewed using structured questionnaire. We performed conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Passive smoking was associated with increased risk of oral clefts in univariate analysis, but not in multivariable analysis (adjusted OR [aOR] = 1.68; 95% CI, 0.53–5.37). No association was observed between liver intake and oral clefts. Compared with nondrinkers, mothers who reported consumption of caffeine‐containing beverages were more likely to have an infant with oral cleft (aOR = 5.89; 95% CI, 1.08–32.00). Periconceptional use of folic acid and multivitamins supplementation was associated with reduced risk of oral clefts (aOR = 0.01; 95% CI, 0.00–0.09 and aOR = 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01–0.13, respectively). Conclusions The results suggest no associations of maternal passive smoking or liver intake with oral clefts. Periconceptional use of folic acid or multivitamins may protect against oral clefts. Further studies are warranted to examine the roles of caffeine consumption in pregnant mothers on occurrence of oral clefts in offspring.