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Edge‐NF x ( x =1 or 2) Protected Graphitic Nanoplatelets as a Stable Lithium Storage Material
Author(s) -
Noh HyukJun,
Liu Shenghong,
Yu SooYoung,
Fan Qinghua,
Xiao Feng,
Xu Jiantie,
Jeon InYup,
Baek JongBeom
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
batteries and supercaps
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2566-6223
DOI - 10.1002/batt.202000056
Subject(s) - graphite , materials science , ball mill , anode , lithium (medication) , chemical engineering , specific surface area , grain size , nanotechnology , mineralogy , composite material , chemistry , organic chemistry , catalysis , medicine , electrode , engineering , endocrinology
Abstract Edge‐NF x ( x =1 or 2) protected graphitic nanoplatelets (NFGnPs) are synthesized for the first time as a stable anode material for lithium storage. The NFGnPs are prepared via mechanochemical reaction, by ball‐milling graphite in the presence of nitrogen trifluoride (NF 3 ) gas. The average grain size of the NFGnPs is dramatically reduced compared to the starting graphite. The ball‐milling effectively unzips graphitic C−C bonds, generating active carbon species (C . ), which form edge C−NF x bonds and delaminate the graphite layers into a few layered NFGnPs. The resulting NFGnPs have a large specific surface area (671.0 m 2 g −1 ). The edge functionalities of the NFGnPs consist of major C(C)=NF 1 and minor C−NF 2 moieties. Because of their large specific surface area, the NFGnPs display high average reversible capacities of 850.5, 722.4, 576.4, 482.0, 369.1, 229.7, 127.5 mAh g −1 at 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10 C, respectively, with excellent rate capability. More importantly, due to the edge protection provided by the stable C(C)=NF 1 bonds (pseudo‐aromatic), the NFGnPs maintain a high reversible charge capacity of 421.6 mAh g −1 at 2 C, with an initial capacity retention of 78.3 % after 200 cycles.