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Structurally Folded Curvature Surface Models of Geodes/Agate Rosettes (Cathode/Anode) as Vehicle/Truck Storage for High Energy Density Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Author(s) -
Khalifa Hesham,
ElSafty Sherif A.,
Reda Abdullah,
Shenashen Mohamed A.,
Elmarakbi Ahmed,
Metawa Hussain A.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
batteries and supercaps
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2566-6223
DOI - 10.1002/batt.201900083
Subject(s) - anode , cathode , materials science , curvature , ion , energy storage , electrode , lithium (medication) , nanotechnology , composite material , chemistry , electrical engineering , geometry , physics , engineering , thermodynamics , medicine , power (physics) , mathematics , organic chemistry , endocrinology
The synchronized development of low cost, high energy density, full‐scale lithium‐ion battery (LIB) vehicle/truck storages with long charge/discharge cycles, long‐term stability, and excellent rate capacity and Coulombic efficiency is crucial. Here, structurally folded curvature surface cathode/anode models were designated as vehicle/truck storages. The modulation of LIB vehicle folds with diverse surface functions such as cave‐in‐hollow nests, shell‐walled/fenced edges, and convex/concave spheroid‐capped gradients of geode (G)/agate rosette (AR) (cathode/anode) electrodes may be used as leverage to motivate the dynamic mobility of electron‐ion motion systems directly and generate vehicle/truck storage loading on sustainable electrode surface geometrics, leading to long‐term charge/discharge cycles. In this vehicle/truck storage design, evidence of the effect of structurally folded curvature surface models on the creation of anode/cathode designs is first reported as the force‐driven modulation of high energy density of full‐scale G‐cathode//AR‐anode LIBs. The built‐in LIB is formulated with structurally shaped spheroids along whole‐, eroded‐, and unopened G‐cathodes and AR‐anodes that exhibit the effect of the remarkable surface curvature function changes on fabrication of well‐defined geometric LIBs. The building design of G‐cathode//AR‐anode LIBs with a bundle of convex/concave spheroid‐capped gradients, and three‐dimensional (3D) surface curvatures offer a massive gate‐in transport of electrons/Li + ions for long periods of charge/discharge cycles and outstanding discharge capacities. Outstanding long‐term cycling performance and stability, excellent retention capacity ∼85 % with a first discharge specific capacity of 162.5 mAh g −1 and an approximate Coulombic efficiency of 99.7 %, were obtained after 2000 cycles at a rate of 1 C in a potential region from 0.8 V to 3.5 V versus Li/Li + at room temperature by using 3D super‐scalable G@C//AR@C built‐in full‐scale LIB models. A high value of specific energy density ≈131.6 Wh kg −1 . The full‐scale LIB models may offer all mandatory requirements overcoming the energy density limits that required a driving range of long‐term EVs.