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Sustainable Salt Template‐Assisted Chemical Activation for the Production of Porous Carbons with Enhanced Power Handling Ability in Supercapacitors
Author(s) -
Díez Noel,
Ferrero Guillermo A.,
Fuertes Antonio B.,
Sevilla Marta
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
batteries and supercaps
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2566-6223
DOI - 10.1002/batt.201900037
Subject(s) - supercapacitor , carbonization , chemical engineering , electrolyte , carbon fibers , materials science , aqueous solution , porosity , salt (chemistry) , hydrothermal carbonization , ionic liquid , specific surface area , nanotechnology , chemistry , electrode , electrochemistry , catalysis , organic chemistry , composite material , composite number , scanning electron microscope , engineering
Highly porous materials with a 3D framework have been produced by a sustainable salt template‐assisted chemical activation approach based on the use of KCl particles as template, K 2 CO 3 particles as both template and activating agent, and biomass‐derivatives as carbon precursor (i. e., glucose and soybean meal). The self‐assembly of all the constituents into a 3D structure is achieved by a freeze‐drying process. After carbonization and a simple washing step with water, a 3D hierarchical porous carbon is obtained. The sustainability of the process is ensured by using chemicals of low or null toxicity and renewable carbon precursors. The materials produced are characterized by a 3D framework composed of thin walls rich in micropores, with BET surface areas in excess of 2000 m 2 g −1 and pore volumes of up to 1.4 cm 3 g −1 . These materials show an improved rate capability in supercapacitors based on aqueous (H 2 SO 4 and Li 2 SO 4 ) and ionic liquid electrolytes (EMImTFSI/AN) with carbon electrode loadings well within the range of commercial values.