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Recent Advances in Noble‐Metal‐Free Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Synthesis of Ammonia under Ambient Conditions
Author(s) -
Xiang Zhongyuan,
Li Lihong,
Wang Ying,
Song Yanlin
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
chemistry – an asian journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.18
H-Index - 106
eISSN - 1861-471X
pISSN - 1861-4728
DOI - 10.1002/asia.202000310
Subject(s) - noble metal , catalysis , ammonia production , mxenes , ammonia , electrochemistry , materials science , metal , nanotechnology , inorganic chemistry , chemistry , organic chemistry , metallurgy , electrode
Ammonia is an essential chemical for producing fertilizers and energy carriers. However, the industrial Haber–Bosch process causes huge CO 2 emissions and energy waste. As a promising alternative for Haber‐Bosch process, electrochemical synthesis of ammonia has drawn much attention. Catalysts, as a vital part of electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), have developed rapidly in recent years. Compared to noble‐metal catalysts, noble‐metal‐free catalysts possess a low‐cost advantage. In this review, noble‐metal‐free catalysts, including metal‐based materials, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), MXenes, and metal‐free materials, are summarized. In addition, effective design strategies are discussed, along with the main problems and some potential directions of noble‐metal‐free NRR catalysts.