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Steric and Electronic Effects of Bidentate Phosphine Ligands on Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide
Author(s) -
Zhang Pan,
Ni ShaoFei,
Dang Li
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
chemistry – an asian journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.18
H-Index - 106
eISSN - 1861-471X
pISSN - 1861-4728
DOI - 10.1002/asia.201600611
Subject(s) - ruthenium , chemistry , phosphine , isomerization , denticity , steric effects , formate , ligand (biochemistry) , medicinal chemistry , catalysis , photochemistry , triphos , stereochemistry , organic chemistry , crystal structure , biochemistry , receptor
The reactivity difference between the hydrogenation of CO 2 catalyzed by various ruthenium bidentate phosphine complexes was explored by DFT. In addition to the ligand dmpe (Me 2 PCH 2 CH 2 PMe 2 ), which was studied experimentally previously, a more bulky diphosphine ligand, dmpp (Me 2 PCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 PMe 2 ), together with a more electron‐withdrawing diphosphine ligand, PN Me P (Me 2 PCH 2 N Me CH 2 PMe 2 ), have been studied theoretically to analyze the steric and electronic effects on these catalyzed reactions. Results show that all of the most favorable pathways for the hydrogenation of CO 2 catalyzed by bidentate phosphine ruthenium dihydride complexes undergo three major steps: cis – trans isomerization of ruthenium dihydride complex, CO 2 insertion into the Ru−H bond, and H 2 insertion into the ruthenium formate ion. Of these steps, CO 2 insertion into the Ru−H bond has the lowest barrier compared with the other two steps in each preferred pathway. For the hydrogenation of CO 2 catalyzed by ruthenium complexes of dmpe and dmpp, cis – trans isomerization of ruthenium dihydride complex has a similar barrier to that of H 2 insertion into the ruthenium formate ion. However, in the reaction catalyzed by the PN Me PRu complex, cis – trans isomerization of the ruthenium dihydride complex has a lower barrier than H 2 insertion into the ruthenium formate ion. These results suggest that the steric effect caused by the change of the outer sphere of the diphosphine ligand on the reaction is not clear, although the electronic effect is significant to cis – trans isomerization and H 2 insertion. This finding refreshes understanding of the mechanism and provides necessary insights for ligand design in transition‐metal‐catalyzed CO 2 transformation.