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Calcium Carbonate Mineralized Nanoparticles as an Intracellular Transporter of Cytochrome c for Cancer Therapy
Author(s) -
Koo Ahn Na,
Min Kyung Hyun,
Lee Hong Jae,
Jegal Jun Ho,
Lee Jae Won,
Lee Sang Cheon
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
chemistry – an asian journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.18
H-Index - 106
eISSN - 1861-471X
pISSN - 1861-4728
DOI - 10.1002/asia.201500630
Subject(s) - cytochrome c , chemistry , vaterite , apoptosis , biophysics , intracellular , endosome , cancer cell , calcium carbonate , calcium , biochemistry , biology , cancer , organic chemistry , genetics , aragonite
Abstract A new intracellular delivery system based on an apoptotic protein‐loaded calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) mineralized nanoparticle (MNP) is described. Apoptosis‐inducing cytochrome c (Cyt c) loaded CaCO 3 MNPs (Cyt c MNPs) were prepared by block copolymer mediated in situ CaCO 3 mineralization in the presence of Cyt c. The resulting Cyt c MNPs had a vaterite polymorph of CaCO 3 with a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 360.5 nm and exhibited 60 % efficiency for Cyt c loading. The Cyt c MNPs were stable at physiological pH (pH 7.4) and effectively prohibited the release of Cyt c, whereas, at intracellular endosomal pH (pH 5.0), Cyt c release was facilitated. The MNPs enable the endosomal escape of Cyt c for effective localization of Cyt c in the cytosols of MCF‐7 cells. Flow cytometry showed that the Cyt c MNPs effectively induced apoptosis of MCF‐7 cells. These findings indicate that the CaCO 3 MNPs can meet the prerequisites for delivery of cell‐impermeable therapeutic proteins for cancer therapy.