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A Reversible Dual Mode Chemodosimeter for the Detection of Cyanide Ions in Natural Sources
Author(s) -
Shankar Balaraman H.,
Jayaram Dhanya T.,
Ramaiah Danaboyina
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
chemistry – an asian journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.18
H-Index - 106
eISSN - 1861-471X
pISSN - 1861-4728
DOI - 10.1002/asia.201402008
Subject(s) - chemistry , cyanide , adduct , detection limit , ion , cyanate , anthracene , pyrene , fluorescence , photochemistry , dipstick , analytical chemistry (journal) , inorganic chemistry , organic chemistry , chromatography , urine , biochemistry , physics , quantum mechanics
Abstract Herein, we report the synthesis of two indolium probes 1 and 2 based on anthracene and pyrene derivatives and their interactions with various anions. Of these probes, the pyrene conjugate 2 acts as a dual colorimetric and fluorescent chemodosimeter for the selective and sensitive detection of cyanide ions. The detection limit of probe 2 for CN − ions was found to be 10 ppb (30 n M ). The nature of interaction has been thoroughly studied through various techniques such as 1 H NMR and IR spectroscopy, HRMS, and isothermal calorimetric (ITC) studies. These studies confirm that probe 2 forms a 1,2‐adduct in the presence of CN − ions. Kinetic studies using probe 2 showed the completion of the reaction within 15 s with a rate constant of k′ =0.522±0.063 s −1 . This probe can be coated on a solid surface (dipstick) and a polymer matrix for the on‐site analysis and quantification of endogenous cyanide ions in natural sources such as Indian almonds.