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Carbon‐Coated LiTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 : An Ideal Insertion Host for Lithium‐Ion and Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Author(s) -
Aravindan Vanchiappan,
Ling Wong Chui,
Hartung Steffen,
Bucher Nicolas,
Madhavi Srinivasan
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
chemistry – an asian journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.18
H-Index - 106
eISSN - 1861-471X
pISSN - 1861-4728
DOI - 10.1002/asia.201301461
Subject(s) - thermogravimetric analysis , lithium (medication) , raman spectroscopy , fast ion conductor , ion , materials science , chemistry , analytical chemistry (journal) , inorganic chemistry , electrode , electrolyte , organic chemistry , medicine , physics , optics , endocrinology
We report the extraordinary performance of carbon‐coated sodium super ion conductor (NASICON)‐type LiTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 as an ideal host matrix for reversible insertion of both Li and Na ions. The NASICON‐type compound was prepared by means of a Pechini‐type polymerizable complex method and was subsequently carbon coated. Several characterization techniques such as XRD, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field‐emission (FE) SEM, TEM, and Raman analysis were used to study the physicochemical properties. Both guest species underwent a two‐phase insertion mechanism during the charge/discharge process that was clearly evidenced from galvanostatic and cyclic voltammetric studies. Unlike that of Li (≈1.5 moles of Li), Na insertion exhibits better reversibility (≈1.59 moles of Na) while experiencing a slightly higher capacity fade (≈8 % higher than Li) and polarization (780 mV) than Li. However, excellent rate capability profiles were noted for Na insertion relative to its counterpart Li. Overall, the Na insertion properties were found to be superior relative to Li insertion, which makes carbon‐coated NASICON‐type LiTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 hosts attractive for the development of next‐generation batteries.