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New Dual Donor–Acceptor (2D‐π‐2A) Porphyrin Sensitizers for Stable and Cost‐Effective Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Author(s) -
Ambre Ram B.,
Chang GaoFong,
Zanwar Manoj R.,
Yao ChingFa,
Diau Eric WeiGuang,
Hung ChenHsiung
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
chemistry – an asian journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.18
H-Index - 106
eISSN - 1861-471X
pISSN - 1861-4728
DOI - 10.1002/asia.201300328
Subject(s) - porphyrin , photochemistry , dye sensitized solar cell , electron acceptor , electrochemistry , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , electron donor , materials science , acceptor , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , chemistry , organic chemistry , chemical engineering , electrode , catalysis , physics , engineering , electrolyte , condensed matter physics
A series of porphyrin sensitizers that featured two electron‐donating groups and dual anchoring groups that were connected through a porphine π‐bridging unit have been synthesized and successfully applied in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The presence of electron‐donating groups had a significant influence on their spectroscopic, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties. Overall, the dual anchoring groups gave tunable electronic properties and stronger attachment to TiO 2 . These new dyes were readily synthesized in a minimum number of steps in gram‐scale quantities. Optical and electrochemical data confirmed the advantages of these dyes for use as sensitizers in DSSCs. Porphyrins with electron‐donating amino moieties provided improved charge separation and better charge‐injection efficiencies for the studied dual‐push–pull dyes. Attenuated total reflectance–Fourier‐transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the porphyrin dyes on TiO 2 suggest that both p ‐carboxyphenyl groups are attached onto TiO 2 , thereby resulting in strong attachment. Among these dyes, cis-Zn2BC2A , with two electron‐donating 3,6‐ditertbutyl‐phenyl‐carbazole groups and dual‐anchoring p ‐carboxyphenyl groups, showed the highest efficiency of 4.07 %, with J SC= 9.81 mA cm −2 , V OC =0.63 V, and FF= 66 %. Our results also indicated a better photostability of the studied dual‐anchored sensitizers compared to their mono‐anchored analogues under identical conditions. These results provide insight into the developments of a new generation of high‐efficiency and thermally stable porphyrin sensitizers.