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Synthesis and Photophysics of Core‐Substituted Naphthalene Diimides: Fluorophores for Single Molecule Applications
Author(s) -
Bell Toby D. M.,
Yap Sheryll,
Jani Chintan H.,
Bhosale Sheshanath V.,
Hofkens Johan,
De Schryver Frans C.,
Langford Steven J.,
Ghiggino Kenneth P.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
chemistry – an asian journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.18
H-Index - 106
eISSN - 1861-471X
pISSN - 1861-4728
DOI - 10.1002/asia.200900215
Subject(s) - fluorescence , photochemistry , molecule , naphthalene , photobleaching , chemistry , quantum yield , diimide , organic chemistry , perylene , physics , quantum mechanics
The synthesis and photophysics of two new aminopropenyl naphthalene diimide (SANDI) dyes are reported. A general and convenient method for the synthesis of the precursor mono‐, di‐, and tetrabrominated 1,4,5,8‐naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydrides is described. The two core‐substituted SANDIs exhibit many of the photophysical properties required for fluorescence labeling applications including high photostability and high fluorescence quantum yields (>0.5) in the visible region of the spectrum. The emission wavelength is sensitive to the number of substituents on the NDI core, and the fluorescence decay times are in the range of ∼8–12 ns for both compounds in the solvents investigated. Preliminary fluorescence emission data from single molecules of the compounds embedded in poly(methyl methacrylate) films are also reported and show that single molecules have very low yields of photobleaching, particularly the di‐substituted system. Furthermore, only a small proportion (<10 %) of the single molecules studied display fluorescence intermittencies or “blinks” in their photon trajectory. The compounds appear to be excellent candidates for applications at the single molecule level, for example, as FRET labels.