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Belief dynamics in web search
Author(s) -
White Ryen W.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of the association for information science and technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.903
H-Index - 145
eISSN - 2330-1643
pISSN - 2330-1635
DOI - 10.1002/asi.23128
Subject(s) - relevance (law) , affect (linguistics) , search engine , focus (optics) , computer science , the internet , psychology , online search , information retrieval , rank (graph theory) , social psychology , world wide web , political science , mathematics , physics , communication , optics , combinatorics , law
People frequently answer consequential questions, such as those with a medical focus, using Internet search engines. Their primary goal is to revise or establish beliefs in one or more outcomes. Search engines are not designed to furnish answers, and instead provide results that may contain answers. Information retrieval research has targeted aspects of information access such as query formulation, relevance, and search success. However, there are important unanswered questions on how beliefs‐and potential biases in those beliefs‐affect search behaviors and how beliefs are shaped by searching. To understand belief dynamics, we focus on yes‐no medical questions (e.g., “Is congestive heart failure a heart attack?”), with consensus answers from physicians. We show that (a) presearch beliefs are affected only slightly by searching and changes are likely to skew positive (yes); (b) presearch beliefs affect search behavior; (c) search engines can shift some beliefs by manipulating result rank and availability, but strongly‐held beliefs are difficult to move using uncongenial information and can be counterproductive, and (d) search engines exhibit near‐random answer accuracy. Our findings suggest that search engines should provide correct answers to searchers’ questions and develop methods to persuade searchers to shift strongly held but factually incorrect beliefs.