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Loading‐Induced Reduction in Sclerostin as a Mechanism of Subchondral Bone Plate Sclerosis in Mouse Knee Joints During Late‐Stage Osteoarthritis
Author(s) -
Jia Haoruo,
Ma Xiaoyuan,
Wei Yulong,
Tong Wei,
Tower Robert J.,
Chandra Abhishek,
Wang Luqiang,
Sun Zeyang,
Yang Zhaochun,
Badar Farid,
Zhang Kairui,
Tseng WeiJu,
Kramer Ina,
Kneissel Michaela,
Xia Yang,
Liu X. Sherry,
Wang James H. C.,
Han Lin,
EnomotoIwamoto Motomi,
Qin Ling
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
arthritis and rheumatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 4.106
H-Index - 314
eISSN - 2326-5205
pISSN - 2326-5191
DOI - 10.1002/art.40351
Subject(s) - sclerostin , osteoarthritis , medicine , cartilage , meniscus , medial meniscus , femur , conditional gene knockout , knockout mouse , knee joint , pathology , anatomy , surgery , chemistry , phenotype , receptor , biochemistry , wnt signaling pathway , alternative medicine , physics , incidence (geometry) , optics , gene
Objective To establish an unbiased, 3‐dimensional (3‐D) approach that quantifies subchondral bone plate ( SBP ) changes in mouse joints, and to investigate the mechanism that mediates SBP sclerosis at a late stage of osteoarthritis ( OA ). Methods A new micro‐computed tomography (micro‐ CT ) protocol was developed to characterize the entire thickness of the SBP in the distal femur of a normal mouse knee. Four mouse models of severe joint OA were generated: cartilage‐specific Egfr –knockout ( Egfr ‐ CKO ) mice at 2 months after surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus ( DMM ), Egfr ‐ CKO mice with aging‐related spontaneous OA , wild‐type ( WT ) mice at 10 months after DMM , and WT mice at 14 weeks after DMM plus hemisectomy of the meniscus ( DMMH ) surgery. As an additional model, mice with knockout of the sclerostin gene ( Sost ‐ KO ) were subjected to DMMH surgery. Knee joints were examined by micro‐ CT , histology, and immunohistochemical analyses. Results Examination of the mouse distal femur by 3‐D micro‐ CT revealed a positive correlation between SBP thickness and the loading status in normal knees. In all 4 mouse models of late‐stage OA , SBP sclerosis was restricted to the areas under severely eroded articular cartilage. This was accompanied by elevated bone formation at the bone marrow side of the SBP and a drastic reduction in the levels of sclerostin in osteocytes within the SBP . Unlike in WT mice, no further increase in the thickness of the SBP was observed in response to DMMH in Sost ‐ KO mice. Conclusion Since focal stress on the SBP underlying sites of cartilage damage increases during late stages of OA , these findings establish mechanical loading–induced attenuation of sclerostin expression and elevation of bone formation along the SBP surface as the major mechanisms characterizing subchondral bone phenotypes associated with severe late‐stage OA in mice.