Open AccessBAFF synthesis by rheumatoid synoviocytes is positively controlled by α5β1 integrin stimulation and is negatively regulated by tumor necrosis factor α and toll‐like receptor ligands
Author(s) -
Alsaleh Ghada,
Messer Laurent,
Semaan Noha,
Boulanger Nathalie,
Gottenberg JacquesEric,
Sibilia Jean,
Wachsmann Dominique
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
arthritis & rheumatism
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1529-0131
pISSN - 0004-3591
DOI - 10.1002/art.22915
Subject(s) - b cell activating factor , tumor necrosis factor alpha , cytokine , receptor , toll like receptor , microbiology and biotechnology , proinflammatory cytokine , chemistry , cancer research , innate immune system , immunology , biology , inflammation , antibody , biochemistry , b cell
Objective It was recently demonstrated that synoviocytes (FLS) from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients express BAFF transcripts that are up‐regulated by tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interferon‐γ (IFNγ). Thus, BAFF increases in RA target cells might be related to activation of the receptors of innate immunity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ligands of Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR‐2), TLR‐4, TLR‐9, and α5β1 integrin are able to induce BAFF synthesis by RA FLS. Methods Quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analyses and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays were performed to evaluate BAFF messenger RNA induction and BAFF release from FLS after stimulation by ligands for TLR‐2, TLR‐4, TLR‐9, α5β1 integrin (bacterial lipopeptide [BLP] palmitoyl‐3‐cysteine‐serine‐lysine‐4, lipopolysaccharide [LPS], CpG, and protein I/II, respectively), TNFα, and IFNγ. Results In contrast to IFNγ, neither TNFα, LPS, BLP, nor CpG induced the de novo synthesis and release of BAFF by FLS. Priming of cells with IFNγ did not have a synergistic effect on BAFF synthesis by FLS stimulated with bacterial products known as pathogen‐associated molecular patterns. Moreover, we found that IFNγ‐induced BAFF synthesis is inhibited by simultaneous stimulation with either TLR ligands or TNFα. We also showed that interplay between TLRs, TNF receptors, and IFNγ signaling induces the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS‐1) and SOCS‐3 and reduces IFNγ‐dependent STAT‐1 phosphorylation, which might explain this inhibition. In contrast, we demonstrated that stimulation of α5β1 integrin can induce BAFF synthesis and release per se and that stimulation of this pathway has no inhibitory effect on IFNγ‐induced BAFF synthesis. Conclusion Our findings indicate that BAFF secretion by resident cells in target organs of autoimmunity is tightly regulated by innate immunity, with positive and negative controls, depending on the receptors and the pathways triggered.