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Design and synthesis of imidazolidinone derivatives as potent anti‐leishmanial agents by bioisosterism
Author(s) -
Ramu Dandugudumula,
Jain Ravi,
Kumar Ravi R.,
Sharma Veena,
Garg Swati,
Ayana Rajagopal,
Luthra Tania,
Yadav Preeti,
Sen Subhabrata,
Singh Shailja
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
archiv der pharmazie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.468
H-Index - 61
eISSN - 1521-4184
pISSN - 0365-6233
DOI - 10.1002/ardp.201800290
Subject(s) - kinome , chemistry , pharmacology , in vivo , in vitro , kinase , lead compound , intracellular , drug , structure–activity relationship , rational design , biochemistry , biology , genetics , microbiology and biotechnology
Bioisosterism is a useful strategy in rational drug design to improve pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of lead compounds. Imidazolidinones have been reported as potent kinase inhibitors and antileishmanial agents. In this study, bioisosteres of imidazolidinones (compounds 1–3 ) were evaluated for their antileishmanial properties. The modified imidazolidinones exhibited potent antileishmanial activity against extracellular as well as intracellular Leishmania donovani parasites in nanomolar concentrations. The selectivity index of these compounds on host cells was found to be more than 1000, emphasizing their specificity toward the parasite. Using SwissTargetPrediction software, we assessed the potential targets of these compounds and found MAPK as the most probable target. To in vitro validate, we developed a novel in vitro kinase assay that mimics the in vivo nature of the functional kinome. Compounds 1–3 displayed specific inhibition of parasite kinase activity accompanied by an increase in intracellular sodium levels in the parasites. This might be the effect of kinase inhibition that regulates sodium homeostasis through Na‐ATPases. Finally, the compound‐treated parasites underwent apoptosis‐like death. This study represents bioisoterism as a novel approach for drug design to establish the structure–activity relationship, which in turn helps to improve the therapeutic activity of lead compounds.