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Recent updates of fluoroquinolones as antibacterial agents
Author(s) -
Ezelarab Hend A. A.,
Abbas Samar H.,
Hassan Heba A.,
AbuoRahma Gamal ElDin A.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
archiv der pharmazie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.468
H-Index - 61
eISSN - 1521-4184
pISSN - 0365-6233
DOI - 10.1002/ardp.201800141
Subject(s) - bacteria , efflux , microbiology and biotechnology , chemistry , proteus mirabilis , antibacterial activity , ciprofloxacin , anaerobic bacteria , antibiotics , broad spectrum , pseudomonas aeruginosa , combinatorial chemistry , biology , biochemistry , genetics
Fluoroquinolones remain one of the most important kind of antibacterial agents used nowadays. The emergence of more virulent and resistant strains of bacteria by the development of either mutated DNA‐binding proteins or efflux pump mechanism for drugs is considered the main problem associated with the therapeutic use of these drugs. This situation participated in pushing researchers to design new fluoroquinolone derivatives, mainly with different substituents at C‐7 to withstand these resistant strains of bacteria and to obtain a wider spectrum of activity including activity against anaerobic organisms. Conjugation of fluoroquinolones with substitutions such as 1,2,4‐triazoles, alkyl oximes, flavonoids, aryl furans, benzofuroxans, metronidazoles or even other antibiotics such as neomycin‐B produced derivatives that have a superior and wider spectrum of activity and better resistance than the classical fluoroquinolone agents. Addition of a hydroxamic acid moiety to fluoroquinolones also increased the activity against Proteus mirabilis , which represents one of the most resistant strains of bacteria in urinary tract infections. This review aims to highlight the recent updates made for fluoroquinolones for broadening the spectrum of activity to become active not only against resistant strains of bacteria but also against anaerobic pathogens.