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Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition by Pentacycloundecane Conjugates of Aminoguanidine and Tryptamine
Author(s) -
Wilkes Dennis K.,
de Vries Armand,
Oliver Douglas W.,
Malan Sarel F.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
archiv der pharmazie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.468
H-Index - 61
eISSN - 1521-4184
pISSN - 0365-6233
DOI - 10.1002/ardp.200800198
Subject(s) - tryptamine , chemistry , nitric oxide synthase , conjugate , tryptophan synthase , nitric oxide , enzyme , atp synthase , biochemistry , stereochemistry , pharmacology , organic chemistry , biology , escherichia coli , mathematical analysis , mathematics , gene
This paper describes the synthesis and in‐vitro activity of pentacycloundecane‐conjugated aminoguanidine and tryptamine analogues on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) using rat brain homogenate. Both aminoguanidine and tryptamine‐derived NOS inhibitors show selectivity towards the inducible and neuronal isoforms of the NOS enzyme, but are weak inhibitors and complete inhibition of the enzyme occurs only at high millimolar concentrations. In view of the increased NOS inactivation observed with alkyl substitution of these structures, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the pentacycloundecane cage moiety as an alkyl substituent on the in vitro NOS inhibition of aminoguanidine and tryptamine compounds. Comparison of the IC 50 values of aminoguanidine (IC 50 = 2.306×10 –3 M) and 8‐imino‐ N ‐guanidino‐pentacyclo‐undecane 2 (IC 50 = 8.803×10 –5 M) revealed a more than 26‐fold increase in potency. The ability of tryptamine to inhibit NOS activity was also markedly improved by the various pentacycloundecane substituents. The compounds, 3‐hydroxy‐4‐[3‐(2‐aminoethyl)indole]‐azahexacyclo[5.4.1.0 2,6 .0 3,10 .0 5,9 .0 8,11 ]dodecane 4 and 8‐[3‐(2‐aminoethyl) indole]‐pentacyclo[5.4.0 2,6 .0 3,10 .0 5,9 ]undecane 7 showed the best activity of the tryptamine analogues with a more than 3‐fold increase in nitric oxide synthase inhibition. The results confirmed that the pentacycloundecane structure substantially enhanced the NOS inhibitory potency as observed for the six new NOS inhibitors.