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C‐(2‐Chloroquinoline‐3‐yl)‐ N ‐phenyl Nitrone: New Synthetic Antioxidant Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of Breast Carcinoma MCF‐7 Cells
Author(s) -
Ramadan Mohamed,
GamalEldeen Amira M.,
AbdelAziz Mohamed,
AbuoRahma Gamal ElDin,
AbdelNabi Hisham,
Nagib AbdelHamid
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
archiv der pharmazie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.468
H-Index - 61
eISSN - 1521-4184
pISSN - 0365-6233
DOI - 10.1002/ardp.200500250
Subject(s) - nitrone , chemistry , mcf 7 , apoptosis , cell culture , antioxidant , immune system , cytotoxicity , cell growth , pharmacology , cancer research , biochemistry , cancer cell , biology , medicine , immunology , in vitro , cancer , human breast , cycloaddition , genetics , catalysis
In this work, a new quinoline nitrone derivative, C‐(2‐chloroquinoline‐3‐yl)‐ N ‐phenyl nitrone (CQPN) was successfully prepared and proved by spectral analysis. The antioxidant activity of CQPN against various radicals was investigated and its anti‐cancer properties against different human tumor cell lines including the solid tumor cell lines hepatocarcinoma (Hep‐G2) and breast carcinoma (MCF‐7); the hematopoietic tumor cell line lymphoblastic leukemia (1301) was also explored. CQPN activities were compared to that of the known nitrone C‐phenyl‐ N ‐ tert ‐butyl nitrone (PBN). Our results showed that although PBN was the stronger antioxidant than CQPN, the latter was an effective scavenger of different non‐physiological (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhyrazyl) and physiological (peroxyl and hydroxyl) radicals. Both of CQPN and PBN possess a significant inhibitory property against LPS‐stimulated NO production in macrophage. CQPN and PBN treatment resulted in a growth inhibition in Hep‐G2 cells (IC 50 31.42 μM and 18.6 μM, respectively). Unlike PBN, CQPN strongly inhibited the growth of MCF‐7 cells (IC 50 14.01 μM) in a dose‐dependent manner. On contrary, CQPN and PBN exhibited a proliferative stimulatory activity of the immune cells including macrophages and lymphocytes. Exploring the cytotoxic effect of CQPN against MCF‐7 cells indicated that CQPN led to a major time‐dependent disturbance in the cell‐cycle phases including progressive arrest in both S‐ and G 2 /M‐phases. This disturbance was found to be associated with a kinetic induction of apoptosis. The novel nitrone derivative CQPN is a strong antioxidant, though less than PBN, and it may be an effective anti‐proliferative compound against breast carcinoma.