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Marquesan ceramics, palaeotsunami, and megalithic architecture: Ho‘oumi Beach site (NHo‐3) in regional perspective
Author(s) -
ALLEN MELINDA S.,
McALISTER ANDREW,
PETCHEY FIONA,
HUEBERT JENNIFER M.,
MAEVA MA’ARA,
JONES BENJAMIN D.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
archaeology in oceania
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1834-4453
pISSN - 0728-4896
DOI - 10.1002/arco.5233
Subject(s) - megalith , prehistory , archaeology , context (archaeology) , period (music) , subsistence agriculture , pottery , human settlement , geoarchaeology , history , geography , geology , art , agriculture , aesthetics
The iconic Ho‘oumi Beach site (NHo‐3), Nuku Hiva Island (Marquesas), was excavated by Robert Suggs in the late 1950s. It figured importantly in his island‐wide reconstruction of settlement patterns, socio‐political organisation, material culture and subsistence change – a cultural historical framework that has guided Marquesan archaeology for six decades. Ho‘oumi is also one of four Marquesan localities where prehistoric ceramics have been found. We revisited Ho‘oumi to acquire chronological and palaeoenvironmental context for two cultural occupations reported by Suggs. Eight 14 C determinations on short‐lived materials and new marine reservoir corrections are reported, and the overall series evaluated using Bayesian modelling. A single ceramic sherd, previously assigned to a Fijian source, is attributed to the thirteenth to fourteenth centuries AD – a period when Marquesans engaged in long‐distance voyaging. A significant marine inundation disrupted the associated occupation, leading to sustained coastal abandonment. Stratigraphic and historical evidence suggests this was a palaeotsunami, which may also be represented at Hane (Ua Huka Island). House pavements of the early occupation were replaced by raised megalithic house foundations, probably around the late seventeenth to mid‐eighteenth centuries AD, but material culture changes were modest. By late prehistory, mature native forest was largely replaced by secondary species and Polynesian introductions.