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THE INTEGRATIVE EFFECTS OF POPULATION DENSITY, PHOTOPERIOD, TEMPERATURE, AND HOST PLANT ON THE INDUCTION OF ALATE APHIDS IN S CHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM
Author(s) -
An Chunju,
Fei Xiaodong,
Chen Wenfeng,
Zhao Zhangwu
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
archives of insect biochemistry and physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.576
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1520-6327
pISSN - 0739-4462
DOI - 10.1002/arch.21005
Subject(s) - alate , biology , aphid , photoperiodism , population , aphididae , host (biology) , population density , botany , pest analysis , ecology , homoptera , demography , sociology
The wheat aphid S chizaphis graminum (Rondani) displays wing dimorphism with both winged and wingless adult morphs. The winged morph is an adaptive microevolutionary response to undesirable environmental conditions, including undesirable population density, photoperiod, temperature, and host plant. Here we studied the integrative effects of population density, photoperiod, temperature, and host plant on the induction of alate aphids in S . graminum. The present results show that these four factors all play roles in inducing alate aphids in S . graminum but population density is the most important under almost all circumstances. In importance, population density is followed by photoperiod, host plant, and temperature, in that order. These results indicate that ambient environmental factors are highly important to stimulation of alate aphids in S . graminum, especially when population density reaches 64 individuals per leaf.