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TOXICITY OF ALLYL ESTERS IN INSECT CELL LINES AND IN S PODOPTERA LITTORALIS LARVAE
Author(s) -
Giner Marta,
Avilla Jesús,
Balcells Mercè,
Caccia Silvia,
Smagghe Guy
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
archives of insect biochemistry and physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.576
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1520-6327
pISSN - 0739-4462
DOI - 10.1002/arch.21002
Subject(s) - spodoptera littoralis , biology , cabbage looper , spodoptera , exigua , noctuidae , beet armyworm , bioassay , instar , spodoptera litura , botany , lepidoptera genitalia , trichoplusia , biochemistry , larva , genetics , gene , recombinant dna
We investigated the effects of five allyl esters, two aromatic (allyl cinnamate and allyl 2‐furoate) and three aliphatic (allyl hexanoate, allyl heptanoate, and allyl octanoate) in established insect cell lines derived from different species and tissues. We studied embryonic cells of the fruit fly D rosophila melanogaster ( S 2) (Diptera) and the beet armyworm S podoptera exigua (Se4) ( L epidoptera), fat body cells of the C olorado potato beetle L eptinotarsa decemlineata ( CPB ) ( C oleoptera), ovarian cells of the silkmoth B ombyx mori ( B m5), and midgut cells of the spruce budworm C horistoneura fumiferana ( CF 203) ( L epidoptera). Cytotoxicity was determined with use of MTT [3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] and trypan blue. In addition, we tested the entomotoxic action of allyl cinnamate against the cotton leafworm S podoptera littoralis .The median (50%) cytotoxic concentrations ( EC 50 s) of the five allyl esters in the MTT bioassays ranged between 0.25 and 27 mM with significant differences among allyl esters (P = 0.0012), cell lines (P < 0.0001), and the allyl ester–cell line interaction (P < 0.0001). Allyl cinnamate was the most active product, and CF 203 the most sensitive cell line. In the trypan blue bioassays, cytotoxicity was produced rapidly and followed the same trend observed in the MTT bioassay. In first instars of S . littoralis, allyl cinnamate killed all larvae at 0.25% in the diet after 1 day, while this happened in third instars after 5 days. The LC 50 in first instars was 0.08%. In addition, larval weight gain was reduced (P < 0.05) after 1 day of feeding on diet with 0.05%. In conclusion, the data provide evidence of the significant but differential cytotoxicity among allyl esters in insect cells of different species and tissues. Midgut cells show high sensitivity, indicating the insect midgut as a primary target tissue. Allyl cinnamate caused rapid toxic effects in S . littoralis larvae at low concentrations, suggesting further potential for use in pest control.