Premium
Through the Looking Glass: The Spectacle in Gymnophthalmid Lizards
Author(s) -
GuerraFuentes Ricardo Arturo,
Roscito Juliana G.,
Nunes Pedro M. Sales,
OliveiraBastos Priscilla Rachel,
Antoniazzi Marta Maria,
Carlos Jared,
Rodrigues Miguel Trefaut
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
the anatomical record
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.678
H-Index - 62
eISSN - 1932-8494
pISSN - 1932-8486
DOI - 10.1002/ar.22861
Subject(s) - synapomorphy , biology , tribe , character (mathematics) , genus , anatomy , spectacle , zoology , evolutionary biology , phylogenetic tree , clade , biochemistry , geometry , mathematics , sociology , gene , anthropology , economics , market economy
The anatomy and development of the eyelids in squamate reptiles are still relatively unknown, considering its variation within the group. The neotropical Gymnophthalmini are traditionally characterized by having lost the eyelids, but their structure is not well described. In this study, the embryonic development and the adult morphology of the gymnophthalmid eye, with special attention to the eyelids, the nictitating membrane, and the spectacle are described. The eye in some Gymnophthalmini is covered by a spectacle, formed by the embryonic fusion of the dorsal and ventral eyelids, a character possibly synapomorphic to the tribe. The genus Tretioscincus , which floats either as sister to all other Gymnophthalmini, or is nested within the group, is unique in showing functional and movable eyelids. Thus, the presence of functional eyelids can be either considered as the primitive condition for the gymnophthalmini or as a re‐acquisition of the character, showing the importance of a well‐established phylogenetic hypothesis for understanding morphological evolution. Anat Rec, 297:496–504, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.