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Effect of Hypoxia and Aging on PKC δ‐Mediated SC‐35 Phosphorylation in Rat Myocardial Tissue
Author(s) -
Cataldi Amelia,
Zingariello Maria,
Rapino Monica,
Zara Susi,
Daniele Franca,
Di Giulio Camillo,
Antonucci Adriano
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
the anatomical record: advances in integrative anatomy and evolutionary biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.678
H-Index - 62
eISSN - 1932-8494
pISSN - 1932-8486
DOI - 10.1002/ar.20936
Subject(s) - phosphorylation , biology , protein kinase c , microbiology and biotechnology , nucleoplasm , angiogenesis , medicine , cytoplasm , endocrinology , cancer research , nucleolus
Nuclear speckles, which are sites of pre‐mRNA splicing and/or assembly components, are diffusely distributed throughout the nucleoplasm. They are composed of splicing factors (SFs), including SC‐35, which are nuclear proteins that remove introns (noncoding sequences in the genes) from precursor mRNA molecules, to form mature RNA, which will be transported to the cytoplasm, site of protein synthesis and activation. In light of such evidences, here we report that hypoxia modulates in vivo SC‐35 SF phosphorylation via protein kinase C (PKC) δ in young rat heart. Trichrome Mallory staining and TUNEL analysis along with immunohistochemistry and Western blotting have been performed on left ventricles excised from young and old rats exposed to intermittent hypoxia. Although young hypoxic myocardial cells appear smaller than normoxic cells, connective and endothelial components increase, SC‐35 phosphorylation is particularly evident in the endothelium and paralleled by an increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In addition, SC‐35 and PKC δ coimmunoprecipitation occurs, suggesting that SC‐35 phosphorylation could be PKC δ‐mediated and that hypoxic young heart needs to counteract the damage through a process of neoangiogenesis involving such SF. Even though the levels of SC‐35 and PKC δ are high, the similar response disclosed by normoxic and hypoxic old rat hearts (both showing a fibrotic organization, similar endothelial components and VEGF levels) could be due to the existence of an impaired oxygen sensing mechanism and thus to a low rate of angiogenesis. Anat Rec, 292:1135–1142, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.