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Incorporation of graphene oxide and calcium phosphate in the PCL/PHBV core‐shell nanofibers as bone tissue scaffold
Author(s) -
Kheiri Mollaqasem Vahid,
Asefnejad Azadeh,
Nourani Mohammad Reza,
Goodarzi Vahabodin,
Kalaee Mohammad Reza
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.49797
Subject(s) - nanofiber , biocompatibility , materials science , scaffold , contact angle , scanning electron microscope , polycaprolactone , chemical engineering , bone tissue , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , graphene , composite material , biomedical engineering , nanotechnology , polymer , medicine , metallurgy , engineering
Bone tissue scaffolds should have both desired mechanical stability and cell activities including biocompatibility, cell differentiation, and maturation. Also, suitable mineralization is another key factor for these materials. Hence, in current work, in order to achieve a scaffold with desired mechanical and bioactivity properties, core‐shell nanofibers based on the polycaprolactone and poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) with different concentration of graphene oxide (GO) (0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt%) and calcium phosphate (CP) (1 and 3 wt%) were prepared to utilize as bone scaffold. Microstructure of nanofibers observed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM) and results exhibited that the most of nanofibers had 270–500 nm diameter. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray evaluations verified appearance of GO and CP into the electrospun scaffolds (ES). Transmission electron microscopy analysis endorsed core‐shell structure of nanofibers. X‐ray diffraction study moreover determination of semicrystalline structure, verified presence of GO and CaPO 4 into the nanofibers. Water contact angle demonstrates that, ES2 and ES3 situated in suitable domain of hydrophilicity. Tensile analysis determined that, ES2, ES3, and ES4 had the highest mechanical properties for use as bone scaffold. Cell viability assessment confirmed biocompatibility of scaffold during 7 days. Alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining exhibited maturating and differentiating of osteocytes after 21 days seeding on the scaffolds.