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Kinetics of the glass transition of styrene‐butadiene‐rubber: Dielectric spectroscopy and fast differential scanning calorimetry
Author(s) -
Lindemann Niclas,
Schawe Jürgen. E. K.,
LacayoPineda Jorge
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.49769
Subject(s) - differential scanning calorimetry , glass transition , materials science , natural rubber , styrene butadiene , vulcanization , elastomer , relaxation (psychology) , dielectric , composite material , dynamic mechanical analysis , time–temperature superposition , thermodynamics , polymer chemistry , atmospheric temperature range , supercooling , viscoelasticity , styrene , polymer , copolymer , physics , social psychology , optoelectronics , psychology
The glass transition is relevant for performance definition in rubber products. For extrapolation to high‐frequency behavior, time–temperature superposition is usually assumed, although most complex rubber compounds might be outside of its area of validity. Fast differential scanning calorimetry (FDSC) with cooling rates up to 1500 K/s and broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) with frequencies up to 20 MHz are applied here to directly access both kinetics and dynamics of glass formation in a wide frequency range. For the first‐time, the relation between the thermal vitrification and the dielectric relaxation is studied on vulcanized styrene‐butadiene rubber, showing that both cooling rate and frequency dependence of its glass transition can be described by one single Vogel‐Fulcher‐Tammann‐Hesse equation. The results indicate the validity of the Frenkel‐Kobeko‐Reiner equation. Another focus is the sample preparation of vulcanized elastomers for FDSC and BDS as well as the temperature calibration below 0°C.