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Hydroxymethylation of technical lignins from South American sources with potential use in phenolic resins
Author(s) -
Taverna María Eugenia,
Felissia Fernando,
Area María Cristina,
Estenoz Diana Alejandra,
Nicolau Verónica Viviana
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.47712
Subject(s) - organosolv , lignin , thermogravimetric analysis , formaldehyde , chemistry , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , phenol , organic chemistry , solubility , infrared spectroscopy , polymer chemistry , chemical modification , elemental analysis , kraft paper , molar mass distribution , nuclear chemistry , materials science , polymer , chemical engineering , engineering , composite material
This work investigates the valorization of sodium lignosulfonate, kraft, and organosolv lignins from South America. A detailed characterization of the lignins and their chemical modification by hydroxymethylation through its reaction with formaldehyde were performed. The characterization included measurements of moisture, ash, carbohydrate contents, elemental and thermogravimetric analysis, and functional groups, molar mass distributions by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography, respectively. Also, reactive aromatic hydrogens (H Ar ) were quantified by the measurement of phenolic hydroxyl groups (P‐OH) content by UV–Vis spectroscopy. The different initial formaldehyde/lignin weight ratios (0.07, 1.47), temperatures (40, 50, and 70 °C), and pHs (9, 11); and the following of hydroxymethylation reactions by UV–Vis spectroscopy were investigated. All lignins resulted attractive for the use as replacement of phenol in phenolic resins, but sodium lignosulfonate was the most appropriate due to its water solubility. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136 , 47712.