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Surface modification of polypropylene waste by the radiation grafting of styrene and upcycling into a cation‐exchange resin
Author(s) -
Hassan Muhammad Inaam ul,
Taimur Shaista,
Khan Ijaz Ahmed,
Yasin Tariq,
Ali Syed Wasim
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.47145
Subject(s) - grafting , polypropylene , styrene , thermogravimetric analysis , materials science , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , polymer chemistry , methanol , nuclear chemistry , solvent , sulfonic acid , yield (engineering) , chemical engineering , chemistry , copolymer , organic chemistry , polymer , composite material , engineering
In this study, we radiation‐grafted polypropylene waste (PPw) powder obtained from the accelerated aging of pristine polypropylene with styrene (St) using γ rays from a Co‐60 source at dose rate of 4.78 kGy/h. The influence of the variation of the γ absorbed dose, solvent types, and monomer concentration on the grafting yield was investigated. Solution grafting in methanol resulted in a higher grafting yield of 162.6% at 30 kGy in contrast to the 69.5% obtained in the absence of solvent. Grafting was found to be enhanced with the increased dilution of St with methanol. The grafted St units were incorporated with sulfonic (SO 3 H) groups by a sulfonation reaction with sulfuric acid. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the grafted and sulfonated products. Sulfonation of 162.6% grafted PPw powder exhibited a maximum ion‐exchange capacity (IEC) of 3.56 mequiv/g. The utilization of PPw and its conversion into sulfonated PPw with comparable IECs is a new addition to already existing radiation grafting systems. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136 , 47145.