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Novel phosphorus‐based flame retardants containing 4‐ tert ‐butylcalix[4]arene: Preparation and application for the fire safety of epoxy resins
Author(s) -
Lu Lingang,
Qian Xiaodong,
Zeng Zejun,
Yang Shousheng,
Shao Gaosong,
Wang Huiya,
Jin Jing,
Xu Xiaonan
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.45105
Subject(s) - limiting oxygen index , fire retardant , ammonium polyphosphate , char , smoke , cone calorimeter , epoxy , thermal stability , materials science , nuclear chemistry , ammonia , phosphorus , combustion , chemistry , chemical engineering , organic chemistry , composite material , engineering
A novel flame retardant (FR) containing phosphorus and 4‐ tert ‐butylcalix[4]arene was synthesized and characterized. The FR combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was then incorporated into epoxy resins (EPs) at different ratios. The flame retardancy, thermal stability, and smoke‐releasing properties were investigated. The limiting oxygen index was as high as 30.8% when the mass fraction ratio of the FR to APP was 1:2. The improved FR effect have been due to the combined FR effects between the FR and APP. The char residue content at 800 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere increased notably from 8.22% to 17.6% when the FR APP was incorporated into EP; this indicated an improvement in the thermooxidation resistance. From the cone test, we found that both the total heat‐release and peak heat‐release rate of the FR resins were reduced. Compared to the resins containing no FRs, the smoke‐production rate and total smoke‐production results indicate that the FR resins also exhibited good smoke‐suppression properties. Generally, the stable char layer of the FR APP–EP not only effectively prevented the release of combustion gases but also hindered the propagation of oxygen and heat into the interior substrate. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 45105.