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Crystallinity and surface state of cellulose in wet ball‐milling process
Author(s) -
Nemoto Shimpei,
Ueno Tomonaga,
Watthanaphanit Anyarat,
Hieda Junko,
Saito Nagahiro
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.44903
Subject(s) - crystallinity , aqueous solution , microcrystalline cellulose , materials science , ball mill , cellulose , chemical engineering , wet milling , composite material , nuclear chemistry , chemistry , metallurgy , organic chemistry , engineering
We report the effect of wet ball‐milling process under mild neutral salt conditions on the alteration of crystallinity and surface state of microcrystalline cellulose (MC). The ball‐milling experiments were performed when the MC was immersed in H 2 O, NaCl aqueous solution, and KCl aqueous solution. Two collation groups, i.e., MC immersed in H 2 O 2 and nonimmersed MC were additionally investigated for comparison. Except when H 2 O 2 was present, the highest decrease in the cellulose crystallinity index (CI) was observed in dilute KCl. On the other hand, the CI of wet‐milled MC/NaCl was greater than that of the wet‐milled MC/H 2 O, however, still lower than that of the non‐immersed MC. XPS results showed that the carbonization progressed in dry‐milled MC and wet‐milled MC/NaCl surfaces. Though, the surface oxidization progressed in wet‐milled MC/H 2 O and wet‐milled MC/KCl. Lastly, the ball‐milling processes in different solutions led to various decreases of the crystallinity and the surface degradation due to carbonization and/or oxidization. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 44903.