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Development and characterization of green composites from bio‐based polyethylene and peanut shell
Author(s) -
GarciaGarcia Daniel,
CarbonellVerdu Alfredo,
JordáVilaplana Amparo,
Balart Rafael,
GarciaSanoguera David
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.43940
Subject(s) - materials science , high density polyethylene , maleic anhydride , composite material , flexural modulus , polyethylene , flexural strength , wood flour , izod impact strength test , dynamic mechanical analysis , compatibilization , polypropylene , polymer , copolymer , ultimate tensile strength , polymer blend
In the present work, different compatibilizers, namely polyethylene‐ graft ‐maleic anhydride (PE‐ g ‐MA), polypropylene‐ graft ‐maleic anhydride (PP‐ g ‐MA), and polystyrene‐ block ‐poly(ethylene‐ ran ‐butylene)‐block‐polystyrene‐ graft ‐maleic anhydride (SEBS‐ g ‐MA) were used on green composites derived from biobased polyethylene and peanut shell (PNS) flour to improve particle–polymer interaction. Composites of high‐density polyethylene/peanut shell powder (HDPE/PNS) with 10 wt % PNS flour were compatibilized with 3 wt % of the abovementioned compatibilizers. As per the results, PP‐ g ‐MA copolymer lead to best optimized properties as evidenced by mechanical characterization. In addition, best particle–matrix interface interactions with PP‐ g ‐MA were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Subsequently HDPE/PNS composites with varying PNS flour content in the 5–30 wt % range with PP ‐g ‐MA compatibilizer were obtained by melt extrusion and compounding followed by injection molding and were characterized by mechanical, thermal, and morphological techniques. The results showed that PNS powder, leads to an increase in mechanical resistant properties (mainly, flexural modulus, and strength) while a decrease in mechanical ductile properties, that is, elongation at break and impact absorbed energy is observed with increasing PNS flour content. Furthermore, PNS flour provides an increase in thermal stability due to the natural antioxidant properties of PNS. In particular, composites containing 30 wt % PNS powder present a flexural strength 24% and a flexural modulus 72% higher than the unfilled polyethylene and the thermo‐oxidative onset degradation temperature is increased from 232 °C up to 254 °C thus indicating a marked thermal stabilization effect. Resultant composites can show a great deal of potential as base materials for wood plastic composites. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133 , 43940.