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Development, rheological properties, and physical stability of d ‐limonene‐in‐water emulsions formulated with copolymers as emulsifiers
Author(s) -
TrujilloCayado Luis A.,
García M. Carmen,
Muñoz José,
Alfaro M. Carmen
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.43838
Subject(s) - viscoelasticity , rheology , gellan gum , chemical engineering , materials science , copolymer , dynamic mechanical analysis , biopolymer , viscosity , dynamic modulus , coalescence (physics) , homogenizer , shear thinning , polymer , polymer chemistry , chemistry , composite material , chromatography , physics , food science , astrobiology , engineering
This contribution reports the development of 30 wt % d ‐limonene‐in‐water emulsions formulated with a biopolymer (gellan gum) as stabilizer and prepared with a high‐pressure homogenizer. The role as emulsifiers of different ratios of amphiphilic copolymers (Atlas TM G5000 and Atlox TM 4913) was assessed. The results indicated that the ratio of emulsifiers had significant effect on the physical stability, droplet size, viscoelasticity, and viscosity of these emulsions. The mean droplet diameters decreased as Atlas TM G5000 concentration increased from 1 wt % to 3 wt %. The aging of emulsions resulted in an increase in the size of droplets for the emulsions containing high Atlox TM 4913 copolymer content. An increase of Atlas TM G5000 enhanced both the G ′ and G ″ values and the viscosity providing higher stability to emulsions. Gellan gum caused in viscoelastic moduli weaker frequency dependence at the lower frequencies, according to the formation of a faint gel‐like matrix. All emulsions exhibited shear thinning flow properties that fitted the power‐law equation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133 , 43838.