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A novel approach for extracting cellulose nanofibers from lignocellulosic biomass by ball milling combined with chemical treatment
Author(s) -
Nuruddin Md.,
Hosur Mahesh,
Uddin Md. Jamal,
Baah David,
Jeelani Shaik
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.42990
Subject(s) - cellulose , materials science , nanofiber , thermogravimetric analysis , lignocellulosic biomass , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , hemicellulose , formic acid , lignin , nuclear chemistry , scanning electron microscope , acetic acid , chemical engineering , acid hydrolysis , hydrolysis , composite material , chemistry , organic chemistry , engineering
Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were isolated from kenaf fibers and wheat straw by formic acid (FA)/acetic acid (AA), peroxyformic acid (PFA)/peroxyacetic acid (PAA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) treatment; and subsequently through ball milling treatment. Characterization of extracted cellulose and cellulose nanofibers was carried out through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TEM images showed that extracted cellulose nanofibers had diameter in the range of 8–100 nm. FTIR and XRD results implied that hemicellulose and lignin were mostly removed from lignocellulosic biomass with an increase in crystallinity, and isolation of cellulose nanofibers was successful. The TGA results showed that decomposition temperature of cellulose nanofibers increased by about 27°C when compared with that of untreated lignocellulosic biomass. No significant change was observed in the decomposition temperature of bleached celluloses after ball milling. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133 , 42990.