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Effects of rare earth samarium oxide on the properties of polypropylene‐ graft ‐cardanol grafted by reactive extrusion
Author(s) -
Mao Xinggong,
Deng Yi,
Lin Jinhuo,
Chen Qinhui
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.41012
Subject(s) - materials science , polypropylene , differential scanning calorimetry , chemical engineering , ultimate tensile strength , dispersity , scanning electron microscope , composite material , cardanol , polymer chemistry , epoxy , engineering , physics , thermodynamics
Rare earth elements can improve the performance of polymers because of their special 4f orbitals. The nucleation and stabilization of radical groups of rare earth particles can affect the structure of polypropylene (PP) and its properties. In this study, samarium oxide (Sm 2 O 3 ) particles were used as a cocatalyst and nucleating agent in polypropylene‐ graft ‐cardanol (CAPP) grafted by reactive extrusion. The properties of polypropylene‐ graft ‐cardanol containing modified Sm 2 O 3 with a titanate coupling agent (CAPPMS) were investigated by ultraviolet–visible spectrometry, polarizing microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, universal testing, and capillary rheometry with the reference of CAPP containing unmodified Sm 2 O 3 particles. The results show that the titanate coupling agent (TCA‐401) coated on the surface of the Sm 2 O 3 particles improved the dispersion of the Sm 2 O 3 particles and the adhesion between the Sm 2 O 3 particles and CAPP matrix. The Sm 2 O 3 particles promoted more cardanol to graft onto PP. Acting as nucleator for CAPP, the Sm 2 O 3 particles increased the crystallization rate, increased the melting temperature, and decreased the spherulite size of CAPP. The modified Sm 2 O 3 particles showed a greater effect on the mechanical and rheological properties than the unmodified Sm 2 O 3 particles did. The tensile strength, impact strength and flexural strength of CAPPMS increased by 10 MPa, 0.64 kJ/m 2 , and 6.5 MPa, respectively, compared to those of CAPP when we used 4.5 mol % modified Sm 2 O 3 particles. The viscosity of CAPPMS increased to a certain extent in the presence of the modified Sm 2 O 3 . © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131 , 41012.