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Development of methods for encapsulation of viruses into polymeric nano‐ and microparticles for aquaculture vaccines
Author(s) -
Ulanova Lilia S.,
Isapour Golnaz,
Maleki Atoosa,
Fanaian Shirin,
Zhu Kaizheng,
Hoenen Antje,
Xu Cheng,
Evensen Øystein,
Griffiths Gareth,
Nyström Bo
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.40714
Subject(s) - plga , dynamic light scattering , chitosan , nile red , materials science , polyelectrolyte , fluorescein , chemical engineering , zeta potential , fluorescein isothiocyanate , polymer , nanotechnology , chemistry , nanoparticle , fluorescence , composite material , physics , quantum mechanics , engineering
To meet an urgent need for improved vaccines against viral diseases in aquaculture, encapsulating the viruses into biodegradable and biocompatible polymers was suggested to protect viral antigens from premature degradation and gradually expose them to the immune system. We used water‐in‐oil‐in‐water emulsion to first encapsulate model red fluorescent polystyrene (PS) particles and then infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) into poly‐lactic‐ co ‐glycolic acid (PLGA) together with coumarin 6. A milder layer‐by‐layer method was applied to incorporate both PS and ISAV into chitosan (Cs)‐fluorescein isothiocyanate and alginate (Alg) followed by ionic crosslinking. All particles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, zeta‐sizer, fluorescence, transmission‐ and scanning electron microscopy. Successful encapsulation of PS beads and ISAV into PLGA, Cs, and Alg was accomplished. The prepared particles were of different size, surface charge density, and morphology. This yields opportunities for further developments of these structures as vaccine candidates to be delivered by injection or oral administration. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131 , 40714.